Molecular diagnostics is a field of laboratory medicine that involves the use of molecular biology techniques to identify and measure genetic material (DNA or RNA) in patient samples such as blood, tissue, or bodily fluids. This approach enables rapid and accurate diagnosis of various diseases, including infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and cancer.

Molecular diagnostics techniques include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nucleic acid hybridization, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), among others. These techniques can detect and amplify specific DNA or RNA sequences, enabling the identification of genetic mutations or pathogens.