Treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and stem cell transplantation. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment and may include drugs such as cytarabine, daunorubicin, and idarubicin. Targeted therapies, such as FLT3 inhibitors, may also be used. Stem cell transplantation is often recommended for patients with relapsed or refractory AML, as it can provide a potentially curative option.