Photolithography Stocks List
Symbol | Grade | Name | % Change | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AMAT | F | Applied Materials, Inc. | 3.42 | |
LRCX | F | Lam Research Corporation | 4.44 |
Related Industries: Semiconductor Equipment & Materials
Symbol | Grade | Name | Weight | |
---|---|---|---|---|
FTXL | F | First Trust Nasdaq Semiconductor ETF | 11.45 | |
SEMI | D | Columbia Seligman Semiconductor and Technology ETF | 10.98 | |
FCTE | D | SMI 3Fourteen Full-Cycle Trend ETF | 9.95 | |
BUL | B | Pacer US Cash Cows Growth ETF | 9.33 | |
PSI | F | PowerShares Dynamic Semiconductors | 9.13 |
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- Photolithography
Photolithography, also termed optical lithography or UV lithography, is a process used in microfabrication to pattern parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate. It uses light to transfer a geometric pattern from a photomask to a light-sensitive chemical "photoresist", or simply "resist," on the substrate. A series of chemical treatments then either engraves the exposure pattern into the material or enables deposition of a new material in the desired pattern upon the material underneath the photo resist. For example, in complex integrated circuits, a modern CMOS wafer will go through the photolithographic cycle up to 50 times.
Photolithography shares some fundamental principles with photography in that the pattern in the etching resist is created by exposing it to light, either directly (without using a mask) or with a projected image using an optical mask. This procedure is comparable to a high precision version of the method used to make printed circuit boards. Subsequent stages in the process have more in common with etching than with lithographic printing. It is used because it can create extremely small patterns (down to a few tens of nanometers in size), it affords exact control over the shape and size of the objects it creates, and because it can create patterns over an entire surface cost-effectively. Its main disadvantages are that it requires a flat substrate to start with, it is not very effective at creating shapes that are not flat, and it can require extremely clean operating conditions. Photolithography is the standard method of printed circuit board (PCB) and microprocessor fabrication.
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